Flying-machine.



J. F. OROURKE.

FLYING'MACHINE. APPLICATION HLED nEc.4. 1909..

Patented June 22, 1915.

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1. EJOROURKE.

A FLYING MACHINE. APPLlcAT'loN FILED DEc.4, 1909.*

APmentea June 22, 19145.

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1. f. OROURKE. FLYING MACHINE.

' APLlCATiON FILED DEC. 4, 1909. 1,144,052. I Patenteuune 22,1915.

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able amount of observation,

JOHN F.' ORURKE, OIEy NEW YORK, N. Y.

FLYING-MACHINE'.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jun22, 1915,

' Application led December 4, 1909i Serial No. 531,414.

TozaZZ whom it may concer-n.' f j Beit known that I,J0HN F. OROURKE, acitizen of the United States, and a resident ofthe city, county, andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful v Improvementsin vFlying-ll/Iachines, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of so-calledy iyingmachines commonly designated aeroplaiies, usually coniprising a suitableframe provided with one or more suitably arranged planes serving tomaintain' the machine in the air during flight.

The principal object of my invention is to provide means tending tocause thema- 'chineto maintain a -proper position in the air duringightor travel, such means operating automatically orunder the control ofthe operator as occasion may require. By havingsuch means operateautomatically, as:hereinafterexplained, a considerskill and physicalexertions on the part ofthe operator, as heretofore'required infoperating aeroplanes, is reduced, leaving the operator free to periormor aid vin performing any of therequired manipulations or operationsincident to controlling the aeroplane during Hight.

Other objects of my invention comprise the provision' of means wherebythe machine may besteered in the desired direction, and the retardationof its forward movement and alighting. facilitated, 'and also',generally, to improve the general operation of the aeroplane, all to theend that the desired equilibrium of the aeroplane may be restored andeciently maintained without overtaxing the aviator while contributing tothe security of the aeroplane and its occupant. I Y

In carrying out my invention I provide a suitably constructed aeroplane,which may be either of the monoplane, bi-plane or other type, and equipthe same with snitably arranged sup lementary or auxiliary planesmovable in ependently of the main or supporting piane or planes, and Iconnect said auxiliary planes with means acting by the force of gravityto impart to said auxiliary planes such movement as will tend or serveto cause the restoration of the aeroplane to its normal position ofequilibrium in the air whenvsuch position has been'disturbed, whichmeans comprises. a

weighted member-.suitably connected withal the auxiliary planes andconnected with the main plane in such a universal manner that saidmember, tending normally to hang in afvertical direction, will, when theaeroplanetiltsto the right or left, or fore or aft, causey suchmovementxof the appropriate auxiliary plane or planes as will present them atsuch angle to the horizontal or to the main plane as will tend to causethe normalI level or equilibrium of the aeroplane to be restored. Myimprovements comprise means whereby the relative angular relation ofsaid supplementary or auxiliary planes maybe adjusted with respect tothe aeroplane as a whole, and continue as adjusted so that tli'eopposite equal movements that may be imparted to `said planes by theoperating member or by the operator will cause angles of incidencetending to attain the desired rotation laterally and to maintain thedesired direction of flight longitudinally by properly meeting theaerial forces, yand further to provide means whereby said supplementaryor auxiliary planes may be adjusted with respect to each other so thattheir normal relation to the operating member will be altered to causethem' to act in accordance with such adjustment as respects theirmovement by said operating member.

I- will now describe preferred means .whereby the aforesaid and otherobjects of my invention may be attained, it being understood that thesame is not confined to such specifically.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l is a plan `or top view of aiiying machine embodyiiigone form 'of application of my said invention,vcertain details shown in some of the hereinafter referred to figuresbeing omitted; Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross section on line wkn: of Fig.l; Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan of one of my lateral auxiliary planes andits connections; Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross section of Fig. 3 on lineg/-QU Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view illustrating thenworking end ofthe lever that operates the aforesaid auxiliary planes and its relationto members comprised in itscon' nectionwith said planes. Fig. 6 1s anen-l larged top plan of Fig. 5; Fig.` 7 is,partly in section, anenlarged detail viewof devices-v for securing- Fig. 8 is an enlargedelevatiompa'rt shown'- in Avertical section? Online ,yFig'.;.gi-.seeiihiny th'e dineetion-y oft-he fabric to the' planes;

--some transversel members being broken;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail end view showing pivotal mounting .ofrear plane; Fig. isa diagrammatic .view of an alternative -constructionof parts shown in Fig.

8; Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail inverted plan view of means providingfor adjust-v ability between the weighted member and trated comprises amain ,plane B of any 'parts connected therewith for controlling `movableplanes.v

The iying machinev or aeroplane illuspreferred construction, having asuitable frame from which the frame A proJects `2"-"rearwardlysubstantially vin the direction of L flight. The frame of plane Billustratedcomprises a front member or supporting 4 dicated by the'dotted lines in Fig. 1, the. frame thereby constituted being coveredorv inclosed by impervious fabric 4 in the usu.

rod v1, rear member or supporting rod .2',

connected by cross braces 3 and 5, and fur# ther braced by diagonallydisposed ties inallyy-approved manner of constructing aeroplanes. -Suchfabric is preferably secured y to said frame asat fittings 82 on rods 1,I

by bolts 83, washers-85 and nuts 84:, the fabric being clamped between85 and 82 as shown in Fig. 7, and the remaining edges 'of the fabriclaced or otherwise secured to their proximate frame members. Said framemembers are firmly secured` or clamped in; anyconvenient `manner to theskeleton frame A, as for instance, to longitudinal vrods a a of thelatter that project from the main frame lof plane B in the direction ofAliight. I have shownthe 4rods a a united by upright 'cross braces b andtransverse. cross braces cc strengthened by diagonal 41) ties cl d inany usual disposition and manner of connection, as indlcated, forinstance, m

Figs. 1 and 2. It will be observed that the y upper longitudinallyextending rods a a are disposed angularly to the lower rods a a.

" The rods or members 1, 2, at their extremities are shown connected bycross braces 6 to Iconstitute extension frames for the auxiliary planes7, 8, that are located adjacent the ends "of themain plane B.

I have shown plane B as pitched upwardly in a forward. direction withrespect to the normal-position or equilibrium of the machine, andthenormal disposition of the auxiliary planes 7 and 8 is preferablyangw larto that of plane B, as shown in Figs. 2 and 1, it being of advantagethat the-auxiliary lateral planes 7, 8, be normally in parallelism withthe direction of Hight or with the horizontal. According to this arrangement the normal initial angle between ',the auxiliary planes 7, 8,and plane B is preferably the same as that of the latter to thehorizontal when the machine is at rest when plane B is pitched upwardlyas described. If,`however, plane B normally .gular `relations to eachother.

is arrangedina horizontal manner, then the i initial position-of planes7 and 8 could be parallelto plane B, although by the means hereinafterdescribed for adjusting planes 7 and 8 their normal or initial anglerespecting plane B may be any angle desired. In either case itis'preferable that when thel machine is flying horizontally the saidsupplementary planes should be substantially horizontal also. By initialangle I mean such angle 'asthe supplementary or auXiliary planes mayhaverelatively to plane B or to each other before they are changed lrespect to the horizontal, and thus with respect to pla-ne B, and Iprovide means to permit said supplementary planes to-be adjustedinopposite directions, all with respect to the operating member of saidplanes, whereby said planes will be tilted' simultaneously by theiroperating member while maintaining any of such relative an' Saidsupplementary planes are thus adapted to operate or-be operated tomaintain or tend to maintain the machine -in the position best suitedtothe existing conditions of flight. To these ends I have providedarrangements as follows: y i

Referring to Fig. 3, 12 `are blocks or bear. ings, lin this instanceconstituting unions for 'elements of cross braces 5, 6and of suiiicientdimension to prov-ide thereinpjournals for shaft 13 passing throughblocks or unions y .labomprised in frame 9 of the correspondlrigsupplementary planes 7' and 8. Shaft 1B vis rigidly secured toblocks 1a bypins 15 whereby the planes 7 and 8 are supported I andadapted to rotate with the corresponding shaft 13, and whereby theirangular disposition relatively to the main plane, or to each other, ortheir angles of incidence to the air, may be varied by the appropriaterotation' or adjustment of shafts 13. producesuch variations I providemeans as follows: Brackets 23 rigidly supported'by rods 24 secured tocross braces 3 and 5 of the main frame of plane lB carry bell crank.levers 17 and 18 pivotally connected with brackets 23 and connectedwith shafts-13 by arms 16 and adjustable .links19 shown comprisingmembers 20 and 21`v connected for adjustment by turn buckles 22, themembers 21 being preferably of a universal joint construction, as shown.Ihe corresponding ends of bell crank levers 17 and 18 are shown ist -.pivotally (Figs. 1 and 5) with disk29 supported noryried by Thearrangement of pivotally connected by links 27 with longitudinallymovable rods 25, Fig. l, slidably supported in bearings 26 shown carriedby cross braces 3 of the frame of plane B (Fig. 8). The inner ends ofrods 25 are shown connected by means of links 28 inally iixedly by lever30, but which disk is connected with lever 30 in such manner as topermit desired adjustment of said disk for the purpose of adjustingplanes 7 and 8 in the same direction simultaneously and preferably to anequal extent. .Lever 30 is shown pivotally supported by pivot 30carframe or spider 31, Figs. and 8, rigidly secured to and supported bythe main frame, being shown supported by upright cross braces Z332 offrame A (Figs. l and 2). arms 16, bell crank levers 17, 18, lever 30 andthe connections between said parts as illustrated provide means wherebywhen lever 30 is in a normal or vertical position, the planes 7 and 8Will be in any desired set position with respect to each other, and toplane B, and that when the end of leverBO, above its pivotal point 30a,is moved to the right or left, or its normal rectangular position withrespect to plane B is altered, planes 7 ,and 8 will be moved or tiltedsimultaneously in opposite directions, so that the forward edge of oneof the auxiliary planes will thereby be tilted downwardly While thecorresponding edge of the other auxiliary plane will be tilted upwardlyto an extent corresponding to the aforesaid movement or shifting ofposition of lever SOvrelatively to plane B, andsuch movements of planes7 and 8 will, according to the arrangements described, be equal inextent, thus presenting to the' air the planes 7 and 8 at anglescorresponding to the movements imparted to said planes by lever 30.1While planes and 8 may be parallel with each other at such time aslever 30 is in the vertical position and plane Bis horizontal,

to thus have said planes at such time in any desired position withrespect to the horizontal, for instance, in a horizontal position., lprovide means whereby such normal initial like angles of said planes teplane B may be, at the will of the aviator, within limits, modifiedequally and said planes be adjusted or set to new initial supplementaryangles without interfering with the capacity j of the supplementaryplanes to have movement simultaneously in opposite directions. The meansl have shown for this purpose are follows.' Disk 29 normally ixedly bylever 30, but adapted to be rotated thereon te simultaneously' move redstoward er from each other, whereby planes 7 and 8 will be adjustedequally simultaneously the 'saine direction. To this end the upper endof lever 30 is provided with a bearing Aoppositely disposed bell crankis. as aforesaid, carried 66 within which rotatably held a spindle 67carried by disk 29. Serrations or teeth as at 68 are shown provided uponthe periphery of bearing 66. A pair of evers or pawls 64, are rotatablycarried by disk 29 by pivotal connections 64, 65. Each of said pawls hasits major arm provided with a tongue 69, oppositely disposed relativelyto each other and adapted to engage the serrations or teeth 68. One ofsaid pawls carries on its minor arm a pin 65a (-F ig. 6), the minor armof the other of said pawls being provided with a slot 642 containing,and within which pin 651L plays. are normally held in engagement withserrations or teeth 68 of bearings 66 by stress of the springs 70connecting said pawls with disk 29. From the outer end of the major armof each of said pawls extends a cord or connection 71, 72 respectively,which are shown passing over idlers 73, 74 and 75 and 76, (Fig. 8), toterminate at points conveniently adjacent to the aviators position. Theidlers 74 and 76 are rotatively mounted 0n `cross rods 77 carried byupright cross braces .7262 of frame A,

Figs. 2 and 8, and the idlers 73 and 75 are similarly carried by crossrods 78 supported by the longitudinal corresponding rods a a of saidframe. The construction described is such that a downward pull by theaviator on either of the cords 71 or 72 will lift one of the tongues 69of the corresponding pawl out of engagement With a serration 68 inbearing 66, thereby simultane'ously releasing also, owing to the pin andslot-- connection noted, the opposite tongue 69 from its similarengagement with a serration 68, and thus v unlocking disk 29 from lever30 to the extent of permitting said disk to rotate relatively to saidlever.

80, 81 are stop pins carried by disk 29 to limit movement imparted tothe pawl by the l aforesaid pull. It follows that a continuation of saidpull by the aviato' after unlocking disk 29 from lever 80 will result inrotatingi said disk relatively Yto lever 30 in directions determined bywhichever of the two cords 71 or 72 is pulled. It thus follows that bothrods l25 may be simultaneously pulled inward toward each other or pushedapart by the aviator within limits as desired, whereby through themedium of the bell crank levers 17, 18, arms 16, and connections of saidparts With the auxiliary planes and with disk 29, said planes will besimultaneously equally adjusted with respect to their previous anglerespecting the plane B, and this can be accomplished without interferingwith the operation of planes and 8 by lever 30 in opposite directions.rlherefore. the aviator may, at will, by pulling on said cords asoccasion requires, turn to the extent desired both of said auxiliaryplanes 7 and 8 in the same direction or to greater or less anglesthereof with respect Tongues 69 of said pawls" to plane B ascomparedwith their preceding angles relatively to said plane. It will beobserved that when the aviator releases the cord the disk 29 will beagain locked in such adjusted position with respect to lever 30 leavingplanes 7 and 8 setv '1n such position of adjustment until such-time as anew adjustment of said planes is desired, said planes thus remaining setat such relative angle as long as desired. Planes,7 and 8 may berestored to their initial angular relation to main plane B or moved to,any other desired angle relatively thereto as and when desired at thewill of the aviator by 'operating of the cords 70 or 71'. l l

Means for operating lever 30 to cause adjustment of'auxiliary planes 7and 8 with` respect to plane B may 'be effected automatically or by theaction of the operator, whereby when the aeroplane tilts from theposition of equilibrium or stability during flight it will be quicklyrestored to its previous position or tosuch other position in the air asmay be desired. The means I have shown for this purposeare as follows:The lower portion of lever 30 is connected with a weighted or gravitatedmember 51.suspend ed from thevmain frame of the machine, and to this endI have shown-the lower end of lever 30 as terminating in fork 33straddling the horizontally disposed lever 34 pivoted as at 35 to'one ofthe transverse crossbraces c36 of frame A. The opposite orl forward endof lever 34C passes vfreely through yoke or head 37' of swivel 38 (Fig.8), adjustably secured to weighted member or carrier 51. In thearrangement shownV member .or carrier 51 is provided vwith a seat52-fo'r the aviator. Member or carrier 51 isv loosely suspended from themain frame of the machine, and in a universal manner, so as to be freeto swing in any direction, the arrangement for which purpose I haves'hown comprising four hangers 53, one for each of the corners ofmember51. Hangers 53 have at their lower ends eyes 541 looselyengaging the eyebolts 55 on member 51, and at their upper Aend eyes 56 loosely engagewith eye bolts 57 shown carried by -brackets 58 supported at cross rods59 carried by the rods a of ,the main frame ber or carrier 51 with theframe of the machine andthe connection of said member with the auxiliaryplanes by the mechanism described -permits movement of 'said member insubstantially all directions, and causes lever 34 to partake of some ofthe movements of said member, whereby said weighted member is, bygravity, caused to maintain a substantially vertical position relativeto the flying machine as a whole, notwithstand-v ing movements of suchmachine in various directions.

, v When thegerplane is in a'normal or-y the machine, which rail isshown encircling (Figs. 1 and 8). Thepivotalmeans described ofconnecting memtilts to the right or left of the longitudinal ,center ordirection of flight, the weighted member 51 and lever 30 will maintain asubstantially vertical position, and the result' will be that by reasonof the described connection of the upper end of lever130`with 80 planes7 and 8 movement will belimparted to the auxiliary planes 7 and 8through the. 'l medium of llevers 30 and 34and the con-11" nections fromlever 30 to said planes, cans-Q ing said auxiliary planesto ,swing upontheir axes 13 relatively to plane Bin proper-j 1 tion tothe extent oftilting or dippingof the aeroplanes, wherebylthe angleof iin# cidence tothe air of said auxiliary planesv` i l ,p increased or decreased,respectively, and the tendency of the aeroplane to vdip .downf-A wardlyon the low side is resisted, as more fully hereinafter explained.

he may grasp a vrail 61 shown carried by up-I i' i right cross braces bof the main frame ofl hangers 53.' Thereby the aviator, suspended in theweight carrying member 51, may, by his own action,'cause member 51 toswing in a desired direction to carry said membery 51 out of its normalposition maintained fby f gravity, whereby force is transmitted to the fauxiliary planes to at will vary the anglesY of incidence of saidplanes, to the air as de?, f sired. v I provide means additional to theplanes 7 and 8 to assist automatic regulation or maintenance, orcontrol'at the will of 'the` y i f operator, of the angular or fore andaft rei an auxiliary plane 46 constructed similarly to the auxiliaryplanes 7 and 8 and disposed 4 more central than said "auxiliaryplanes,a' in aline between said planes. I havefshown plane 46 laslocated at the rea the lsuch movements. To this end Ivhave 'shown-v1.25.s

rearward ends. Arm 43 carried by shaft 44 is at its lower end pivotallyconnected with one end of rod 42, the other end of which carries eye 41Fig. 8)' through which passes loosely pin 39 having collar 40, said pinbeing carried by yoke 37. It will be understood that I have in thedrawings illustrated said rod 42 diagrammati ally and suggestively andthat the same comprises, as suggested by the verticallyA disposedportion thereof shown in Fig. 2, a rocker member pivotally connected andmedially rotatively supported, whereby direction of motion imparted bypin 39 is reversed when communicated to arm 43. From this constructionit follows that if the machine and its aeroplane tilt in the directionof flight unduly upwardly or downwardly, forward or rearward of itscentral longitudinal axis, gravity acting upon the weighted member 51will transmit throughrod 42 force to arm y 43 to rotate shaft 44 andthus modify the angle of incidence to the air of plane 4G to wardly forthe purpose.

' resist such undesired dipping and to aid in restoring the aeroplane toits proper position, and will do this automatically, and without actionon the part of the aviator. It will also be Vunderstood that the aviatormay canse the operation of plane 46 at will by causing movement ofweighted member 51 Jforwardly or rearwardly, such as, when seated insaid member, the aviator may pull the member forwardly or push it rear-For instance, if the aviator desires to cause the aeroplane to rise ordescend he may voluntarily cause weighted member 5l to swing in theproper direction to transmit' desired motion to plane 4C, or by suchmotion given by him t0 weighted member 51 the aviator may quicklycorrect any tendency of the aero! plane to deviate-.in an upward ordownward direction from the course thc aviator desires,

' hy causing proper movement of plane 40 thronghrsuch desired movementof member 51. ln addition to rail (il being in convenient position toenable the aviator to at will. while sitting in weighted member 51,operate said melilla-,infor the purpose stated, the rail (il. bvlenrirrling hangers 53, will restrain oscillation oi' member 51. oi' viceiersa.' to oppose to an extent oscillation of the aeroplane relativelvto said weighted meriiher.

In order that adjustment between weighted member 51 and the partsconnecting the vsame with planes 7 and 8 and 46 may be made, I haveshown means whereby the relation of swivel 38 to its normal positionrespecting member 51 maybe varied at will. and said. swivel left inadjusted position, whereby the normal relative angles of planes 7 and 8or of plane 46,01` both, to each other or to member 51 may be regulatedas circumstances may require. To this end I have shown the followingmeans: `A slidable plate 87 is attached to the bottom of member 51 byscrew bolts 92 passing loosely through longitudinal slots 91 in saidplate (Fig. 11), said plate also having a transverse slot 90. Swivel 38is shown pro,-

vided with a threaded bolt 88 which passes through transverse slot 90 ofplate 87 and is held in place thereon by nut 89. By adjusting swivel 38in either direction through slot 90 of plate 87 and fastening swivel 38in such position7 it will be understoodthat lateral movement is therebyimparted to lever 34 which will cause tilting of lever 30 relatively toits normal position respecti'i'ig weighted member 51, and thereby, asthe upper end of lever 30 is swung to a correspending extent to theright or'left, the rods 25 and the connections therefrom to planes 7 and8 will cause said planes to be tilted in opposite directions more orless Ilrespecting their previous angles with relation to plane B,causing thereby a. change in the normal or previous angles of incidenceof said planes to the air, while weighted membei' 51 hangs verticallv,and such new angles of planes 7 and 8 will remain constant with respectto the normal position of said member 51, while swivel 38 remains insuch adjusted position duringr movements imparted to planes 7 and S bymember 51. Hence, if the aviator finds it desirable at any time to alterthe normal or initial angles of the planes 7 and 8 to plane B he mayshift swivel 38 t0 the right or left and lock or set the same in aA new-position respecting member 51, and when the aviator desires to restoresaid planes to their previous initial or other angle respecting plane B.he will again shift swivel 38 and set or lock the i Sflme.

jnsted relatively to each other as last described. A' corresponding foreand aft adjnstnieiit of swivel 38 may be made bythe aviator when desiredto canse a change of nornial .relation or angle of-plane 46 'withrespect to the normal position ol' weighted member 51. For this purposeI have provided a link 95 secured to and projecting from plate 37, towhich link is pivotally connectedlever 96 projectingfupwardly to with-Ain convenient reaching distance of the operator. Lever 96 isy fulcrumedto stud 97 attached to said member 51 and may be provided with a lockingsegment of usual con-v struction 98 and adjuncts usually employed tolock such lever in the desiredposition. By this means as swivel 38 isconnected with plate 87 the latter may .be adjusted fore or beforedescribed, but the ei'ect will be modifiedin accordance withA suchannular position of plane 46. The utility of this arrangement willbeobvious when it is considered that if the aviator ordinarily sits inseat 52 proper balance of the aeroplane, so

far as Athe weight of the aviator 1s concerned, will be maintained, butlshould the aviator :desire to move from the seat, as forwardly toadjust the engine that may be located in front of the seat, his weightthus advanced toward the front of the aeroplane would have a tendency tocause the latter to dip downwardly at the front, but by means of lever96 and the parts connected ,there with for adjusting plane 46, as theaviator moves forwardly he may adjust lever 96 to a suitable extent tocause angular adjustment of plane l46 to present the vlatter at suchangleto the air as willtend or serve to counteractthe weight of theaviator as he moves away from or back-toward-seat 52. Thus, the aviatorwill feel free to move vfrom seat 52 knowing that he may makean'adjustment to accord in balancing the areoplane with his shiftedweightor position. v

-It will be understood that, if desired, the automatic action of myinvention may be secured without utilizing the weightof the aviator tothat end. In other words, the weighted member 51, tensioned by gravity,may be`loaded by any other weight, including that of other articles orappliances .desirable to be'carried by the machine; also theconstruction and disposition of member 51 is not confined to thatillustrated by the carrier or box. lnFig. 10 I have illustratedfragmentarily and diagrannnatically an alternative construction inweighted member l94 consisting of, or containing, any suficiently heavyarticle or substance, is secured directly to lever 30, the automaticoperation being, as regards the laterally disposed auxiliary planes 7and 8, :substantially the same asbefore described.

l have. shown flexible' checks 94 (Fig. 4)

n connected with the main frame and-with the planes 7 and 8, whichchecks may he of cord or chain. Said checks serve to limit undue whichthe strain on the parts when said` planes are at the greatest strainupon planes 7 and 8. l

As shown in Fig. 2 rods a2 a're extended angleszto the main plane Vthatwould cause forwardly and upwardly at the front of the machine-to fendthe latter` when alighting.

Supporting wheels a3 are likewise provided as vusual to aid'insupporting the machine and to receive impact when the machine isgrounded. To oppose sliding of the ma-y chine laterally when in flight Iprefer to cover parts of the machine frame with ver- ,tically disposedfabric C.

The machine may be propelled in any well known manner, as-by an engineand propeller or propellers arranged in any suit,- able relation, suchas by having the engine supported in the main frame in front -of the* vaviator. The relative arrangement of the parts will be such thatowhenvthe aeroplane is in equilibrium and the weighted member 51 and lever 30hang by gravity ina vertical position Vthe adjustment or relativepositions of auxiliary planes 7 8 and 46 in connection with member 51willbe such as to f cause the machine torise from the ground as it ispropelled forwardly. lVith'the planes Y 7,-8 and 46 normally, maintainedin horizon:

tal relation and the main plane Bl inclined forwardly and upwardly thetendency of 1 i the aeroplane will be to rise, and the aviator mayregulate such rising by operating lever 96 to alter the angleof'incidenee of plane 46' to the air as desired, orthe aviator may atwill move the seat 51 forwardly to cause plane 46 to incline downwardlyand for.A -.wardly to direct the aeroplane upwardly, and the aviator mayreverse the position of plane 46 to cause forward and downward` flightof the aeroplane. 1f, however, lthe A' aeroplane during Iiight tends torise or dip v downwardly, such action will be autol'natically controlledor rectified by reason of the new angle assumed by weighted mem# v ber51 relatively to the aeroplane causing'.

proper adjustment of plane 46.*'- I'f the aeroplanetcnds to dip to theright or left the new angle or angles assumed by weighted member 51relative to the main frame will cause lateral movement of lever 30,which by pushing and pulling on rods 25 will causeplanes 7 and 8simultaneously and equallyto'assume new angles relatively to plane B,the forward edge of one of the lateral planes extending downwardly andthe corresponding odge of the other lateral plane rising to present saidplanes at equal but opposite angles to thcfair, thereby tending to causethcflow side of plane B to rise and the high side of plane'B to descend,

thereby tending or serving to automatically f A rectify th." lateraltilting of the aeroplane,

1,144,0Lsav previous angle respectingeachother and inV such new angularrelation said planes will continue to operate as before described underthe influence of weighted member 51. By next pulling upon the propercord 71 or 72 the aviator may restore planes 7 and 8 to their previousangular relation or change themto such other angle as he may desire.l

2o In addition to the automatic action of planes and S as controlled orinfluenced by weighted member 51, the aviator may, as desired, bycausing movement of member 51` as by grasping rail G1, and pushingorpulling in the desired direction, cause the planes 7 and 8 to assumeangles of incidence tothe .air different from theA angles Vsaid planesthen would assume under the automatic action of weighted member 51 andthen by releasing rail 61 -member 51 will assume its normal hangingposition and planes 7 and 8 will assume angles relatively to plane Bthat correspond to the angular position of said plane respecting memberr 51. Likewise, by shifting Weighted member 51 fore or aft plane 46 maybe controlled, and by shifting member 51 to an angular `position withineither space bounded by lines passing through the longitudinal and 0transverse aXes ofthe aeroplanes respecting the normal center of member51, the auxiliary planes 7 and 8 and 46 may be simultaneously adjustedat the will of the aviator to new angles that will accord with the eX-tent of such angular movement the aviator gives to member 51.The'aviator may, at any time, adjust planes 7 and 8 for different anglesrelatively to plane B by adjusting swivel 88 through slot 90, @herebythe 50 forward edge of one lateral'plane-will be -moved downwardly andthe corresponding edge of the other lateral plane will be moved upwardlyand said planes be set-in such new angular relation to each other, andthe 55 automatic eontrolof said planes, or control thereof at the willof the operator with said planes in such position, will occur until saidswivel is again readjusted to its normal or other position, and so on.Adjustment may 50 also he made of plane AH' h v operating lever 9G toset plano i6 in a non' angular relation to the air for control bv member5l while planes 7 and S arf` set in a position other than normal orotherwise, and 5 with'the planes set in such new adjusted positions theautomatic operation, orioperation under the control of the aviator,willv occur in accordance with such angles of such planes. machinelaterally toward the 'right he 'grasps rail 6l on his left and bypulling in that direction and somewhat forwardly, with the If theaviator desires to turn theV amount of force required, modifies theangles of incidence to the air of the aeroplane to. cause theleft sideof the aeroplane to lift andthe right side to descend, and at the-sametime tilts the machine upward in the direction of flight, thus impartingto the machine a turning movement toward the 'right the degree of forceexerted by theaviator and consequent voluntary modification f normalrelation between the weighted member and the remainder of the machinebeing graduated from the turning movement to meet the requirements ofthe case, and describe the desired curve in direction. .After this iscompleted the operator releases his hold on rail 6l, leaving theweighted member to perform, as before, its` automatic equalizingfunction during straight flight. The aeroplane vwould be turned to theleft by the aviator grasping rail 5l to the right and swinging member 51in such direction, causing the auxiliary planes to operatecorrespondingly in manner before described. If it is desired to cause arelatively long flight in an upwardly inclined direction, the aviator'may, by adjustingv lever 96 to the desired extent, cause auxiliary plane46 to be set respecting member 51 at thedesired angle, and then theautomatic `actions during such inclined flight may take place asrequired, and then if the aviator desires to descend or coast in adownward and forward direction he may again adjust lever relatively tomember 5l to set auxiliary plane 46 in the desired position for suchflight and the automatic actions describedwill continue to occur. Duringeither of such [lights the aviator may change the angle of plane 46, tothe air, without changing its normal set relation to member 5l byimparting to such member 51 the desired movement in a forward orrearward direction relative to the machine as a whole, and then byreleasing member 5l the parts will resume automatic action accordingwith their positions relatively tuo 1 ealgiwotlier. For some purpose, asfor quick rising, as when starting flight, the aviator may, by pullingon -one of the cords 7l or 7i, set planes 7*'and 8 equally andsimultaneously at any desired angle of incidence to the air di flerentfrom their normal positions when the aeroplane is in equilibrium, suchas by causing bot-h planes 7 and 9 to be projected somewhat upwardly attheir forward edges, and then automatic action of said planes, d" theiraction at the will of the aviator, will occur with the 'planes 7 and 8such relative positions uni tilthe aviator again operates theappropriate cord l71 ory 72 to restore-said planes to thei'r 1 normal or'other positions, and the aviator may likewise 'set plane 46, byadjusting j lever 96, at such angle as will aid or modify .stuch`.action of planes 7 and 8, and "while f leaving planes 7 and 8 s'etl inlsuch described v. positions relative to each other, hemay alter theposition of plane 46 relative to member l; 51, or he may leave plane 46in such described set position and'alter. the'position of planes 7 and 8relative to member 51er to eachother, according to circumstances. Again,when the aviator desires to descend he may set the 'auxiliary planes7and 8 to the required angle of incidence to theair, asin parallelismwith each other, and without substantial interference with thepreviously described regulation lthereof.

- From what has been described it will be understood that thev auxiliaryplanes when set vin normal position connected `with weighted member51-will act automaticaly with a tendency to prevent. deviation of theaeroplane from a normal position of equilibrium, and to an extentsubstantially commensurate with such deviation; also that y:so

said planes may be adjusted relativelyl to each other to continue suchautomatic actions in such adjusted positions; that'the lateral planesmay also be simultaneously adjusted in the same direction vand to anequal extent and will then partake of automatic movements while in suchnew relative positions, maintaining such positions while one lateralplane is presented at a greater angle to the air than the other, asthegcase may be; that plane 46 may be adjustedas required to accord withadjustment of planes 7 and 8 or irrespective thereof, and further thatwith'the planes set in any desired positions relatively to plane B or toeach other, or both,the ensuing automatic action of said. planes may besupplemented temporarily, or to the extent desired, by thewill oftheoperat'or, all wherebyl control of the machine in rising, in

.soaring upwardly or descending, and in alighting is greatlyfacilitated, which movements may be accomplished gradually and Ismoothly or abruptly, and at the same time posits directions.

of my said inventions are not confined to a. j

monoplane, as shown in the drawings, butv are V- equally applicable toloi-planes or tov aeroplanes having any desired number ofmain planessuperimposed or otherwise; also that as rudder or otherwise, anadditional auxiliary -plane'or planes, rotatable on shafts angularlydisposed relatively 'to shafts 13 andg14, may be added and operatedeither independently of, or in connection with,l

Vthe plane actuating devices described; also that the machine may beprovided withy means to generate power, additional to that 'I ofv theoperator, .and propelling devices .ac-

` tuated byvsaid means, and that latter'may be controlled and directedby the operator from weightedv'member 51 electrically,

throughl iex'ible 'connections orl otherwise,v

or that said -me'mber,`vl being sufficiently weighted otherwise than bythe operators body, the latter-jmay leave same, as and when as'Krequired, to reach other parts of the machine for purposes ofmanipulation, repair, etc.,

machine, as hereinbefore, stated, he may set 9o land that when theaviator moves about the or control planef 46 to aid in maintain1n, ij,

proper balance of the aeroplane.

What I claim as new and desire by Letters Patent is the following, viz

1. A flying machine having one or more to secure main planes andprovided with movable Q planes, an operating member movably carried bysaid machme, connections .interposed between said vmember and said mov@j.

able planes to move them simultaneously -in oppositedirections, meanscomprlsed 1n said connections to move the parts of said con-- nectionsin opposite directions to .set said movable planes simultaneously in thesame direction, and adjustable devices connecting said operating memberwith said connections for setting said planes in opposite directionsrelatively to each other to be operated by said member when set in thesame or op- 2. A ying machine having one or more main planes andprovided with 'movabley ried by said machine, connections A,between saidmovable planes and said` member to move said planes in oppositedirections by planes, an operating member `movably carthe action of saidmember, said connections Y comprising an adjustable member to movepartsof said connections relatively to each other, means to lock'saidadjustable membery and connections in operative relation tothe firstnamed member, and means to unlocksaid membersto permit relative movementv u of said connections to set said planes in the same direction to beactuated by the operat` ing member when so set.-

3. A flying machine provided with movable planes, an operating'membermovably carried. by said machine, connectlons between said plancs tooperate them simultanesaid member and with said connections to movethemin the same direction, means to tively to each other,

change the relative positions of said connections to vary the angles ofsaid planes relaand means to adjust the position of said leverrelatively to said member -to set said planes in opposite directionsrelatively to each other.

4.- A flying machine having one or more main planes and provided withmovable,l

planes carried adjacent to the ends of the main planes, an operatingmember movably carried by said machine, connections betweenk saidmovable planes, a horizontally disposed lever movably connected withsaid member, a lever interposed between said connections and the irstnamed lever, and means interposed between said member and. said movableplanes to adjust said planes in the same direction with respect to theirprevious vangle relative to the machine, whereby said meni- 'ber willoperate said movable planes during changes of position of said memberrelatively to the machine.

5. A iiying machine having one or more main planes and provided withmovable planes carried adjacent to thepends of the main planes, anoperating member movably carried by said machine, connections betweensaid movable planes, a horizontally disposed lever movably connectedwith said niember, a lever interposed between said connections and thefirst named lever, and means, for adjusting the second named lever with`relation to said member, whereby said mem- .ber will operate saidmovable planes during changes of position of said member relativelytothe machine.

6. A fiying machine provided with movable planes, an operating membermovably carried by said machine, connections between said planes, alever pivotally carried by said machine andoperatively connected withsaid member, a rotative head pivotally connected with said lever andcomprised in said connections, means to lock said head in adjustedposition respecting said lever, and means to at will unlock and adjustsaid head.

7. A fiying machine provided with movvable planes, an operating membermovably carried by said machine, connections between said planes, alover pivotally carried by said machine and operatively connected withsaid member, a rotative head pivotally connected with said lever andcomprised in said connections, a toothed member connected with saidhead, pawls carried by said head to engage said toothed member, means tomaintain said pawls normally engaging said toothed member, and means toat will op-,'

eratc either ot' said pawls to unlock said head and rotate the same ineither direction desired to adjust said planes.

8. A flying machine having one or more nections between said lbelloperate them in opposite directions when main planes and provided.:with'inovable planes, an operating member movably suspended from saidmachine, connections be- -machine and operatively connected with saidconnections and with the first named lever. 9. A-flying machine providedwith movable planes, an opeiatingmember mov-ably suspended from saidmachine, connections between said movable planes, a horizontallydisposed lever carried by said machine and movably connected with saidmember, an upwardly disposed levercarried by said machine andoperatively connected with said connections and with the first namedlever, and means to adjust the position of the first named lever withrespect to said member.

10. A flying machine provided with movable planes, an operating membermovably suspended from said machine, connections between said movable,planes, a horizontally disposed lever carried by said machine, meansconnecting said lever with said member to permit s'aid member to movefreely in the direction of the length 'of said lever, and an upwardlydisposed lever carried by said machine and operatively connected withsaid connections and with the first named lever.

11. A iiying machine provided with movable planeshaving operating armssimilarly disposed, bell crank levers machine and connected with saidarms, concrank levers to said 'connections move in -one direction, anoperating member movably carried by said machine, means movablyconnecting said member with said connections, and means to adjust saidconnections with respect to said member to set said planes in oppositedirections relatively to each other. i

12.- A iyingmachine having ,one or more main planes and provided with asubstantially centrally disposed movable plane, an operating membermovably carried by said machine, connections between said plane and saidmember to operate the former by the latter, means to adjust said memberwith respect to said connections to vary the initial angle of said planerelatively to said ,connecting said member with said connections, andmeans to set said lateral planes in i the same direction with respect totheir previous initial angle relative to the machine to be actuated bythe operating member when so set.

13. A Hying machine having one or more main planes and provided with asubstantially centrally disposed movable plane, an

carried by said llO "vffioperating member movably carried by saidgamachine, connections between said plane and said member tooperate theformer by the latter, and means to adjust said member with respect tosaid connections to vary the initial angle of said plane relatively tosaid member, said machine having lateral planes,

'connections between said planes tov move main planes and provided witha substanltially lcentrally disposed movable plane, -an

operating member movably carried by said machine, connections betweensaid plane and said member to operate the former by the latter, means toadjust said member with respect to said connections to vary the in-4itialV angle of said plane relatively to said member, sa1d machinehaving lateral planes,

connections between said planes to move them simultaneously, meansoperatively connecting said member with said'connections, means to setsaid lateral planes in the same direction with respect to their previousinitial angle relatively to the machine, and means to set saidlateralframes in opposite directions relatively to each other to beoperated by said member while set in the same or opposite directions.

15. A flying machine provided with lateral planes, and a plane locatedin a line between the lateral planes, a member movably carried by saidmachine, connections between.

the lateral planes, a horizontally disposed lever carried by the machineandv movably connected with said member, an upwardly n disposed leveroperatively connected with the horizontal lever and with the saidconnections, and means connecting said member with said second namedplane.

16. A iying machine provided with lateral planes and a plane'located ina line between the lateral planes, a member movably carried by saidmachine, connections between the lateral planes, a horizontally disposedlevericarried by the machine and movably connected vwith'said member,anl upwardly disposed lever operatively-connected with the horizontallever, and withl said,

connections, means connecting said member with said second named plane,andA devices member and adjustable transversely of the machine to adjustthe lateral planes in opposite directions relatively to each other,'

'connecting said horizontal lever with said said'devices beingadjustable longitudinally of the machine with respect to said member toadjust the second named plane relatively to said member.

- JOHN F. OROURKE. Witnesses:

JOHN HUNTER, Jr.,

GEORGE G. MEASURES.

